3. Properties of Substances and Mixtures

(Last Updated 8/25/2024, 22:50 MST)

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3.1 Intermolecular and Interparticle Forces

3.2 Properties of Solids

3.3 Solids, Liquids, and Gases

3.4 Ideal Gas Law

The ideal gas law, also called the general gas equation, is the equation of state of a hypothetical ideal gas. It is a good approximation of the behavior of many gases under many conditions, although it has several limitations. It was first stated by Benoît Paul Émile Clapeyron in 1834 as a combination of the empirical Boyle's law, Charles's law, Avogadro's law, and Gay-Lussac's law. The ideal gas law is often written in an empirical form: pV=nRT where p, V and T are the pressure, volume and temperature respectively; n is the amount of substance; and R is the ideal gas constant. It can also be derived from the microscopic kinetic theory, as was achieved (apparently independently) by August Krönig in 1856 and Rudolf Clausius in 1857. -thank you Wikipedia

3.5 Kinetic Molecular Theory

3.6 Deviation from Ideal Gas Law

3.7 Solutions and Mixtures

3.8 Representations of Solutions

3.9 Separation of Solutions and Mixtures

3.10 Solubility

3.11 Spectroscopy and the Electromagnetic Spectrum

3.12 Properties of Photons

3.13 Beer-Lambert Law

A common and practical expression of the Beer–Lambert law relates the optical attenuation of a physical material containing a single attenuating species of uniform concentration to the optical path length through the sample and absorptivity of the species. This expression is: log10(I0/I)=A=elc where A is the absorbance e is the molar attenuation coefficient or absorptivity of the attenuating species l is the optical path length c is the concentration of the attenuating species -thanks Wikipedia

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